What aspect of public health is addressed by C40's initiatives?

C40 initiatives predominantly focus on reducing air pollution and enhancing urban livability, which has a direct and significant impact on public health. By addressing air quality, these initiatives aim to decrease respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and other health problems related to pollution. Improved urban livability also encompasses creating greener spaces and sustainable urban environments that promote healthier lifestyles, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for city residents. This comprehensive approach aims to create healthier urban spaces, making it a critical aspect of public health efforts within cities.

While the other choices—such as increasing access to healthcare, promoting physical fitness, and providing mental health resources—are important components of overall public health, the unique focus of C40 initiatives centers on environmental health factors that significantly affect urban populations.